Spontaneous orders arise when individuals or elements follow certain rules in their interactions with their environment. However, the rules that create these orders differ significantly from rules governing organized groups. These rules do not need to be explicitly known or stated by the individuals; they simply need to be followed. This concept is illustrated by examples from physics, indicating that rules can describe behavior even if they are not articulated.
In society, many rules guide human actions without individuals being fully aware of them. For example, primitive human societies, like animal societies, operate under conduct rules that are only evident from the behavior that follows them. True understanding of these rules becomes necessary when individual intellects differ significantly, leading to communication and corrections of behavior.
Importantly, not every behavioral regularity leads to an overall order. Some rules may lead to chaos instead. For instance, if everyone acted on the rule to harm others, society would break down entirely. Society can only exist if rules evolve that promote collaboration rather than destruction. Thus, successful societies must have individuals who inherently follow specific rules that support social order.
In modern economies, for instance, people tend to act to maximize their income, showing a common behavior pattern that contributes to a specific societal order. However, this is not enough to ensure that the order is positive. Individuals must also follow normative rules that dictate what they should or should not do, beyond just their personal desires.
While many rules arise spontaneously, some may be designed intentionally, and spontaneous orders can still be influenced by designed rules. The complexities of how rules interact with individual circumstances mean that the resulting order can be shaped by factors that the rule-makers may not fully understand or predict. Ultimately, the nature of the rules and individuals' responses to them greatly determine the overall functioning of a society.