CHAPTER I NATIONAL SOCIALISM AND WORLD SOCIALISM
§ 1 the Spatial Extent of the Socialist Community
Early socialism preferred simpler production methods from the past and aimed for self-sufficient communities, like villages or provinces. It viewed foreign trade as harmful, believing it brought unnecessary goods and undermined morals. Utopians ignored the practical limits of their ideal societies and thought small communities could easily implement their vision. However, they eventually realized that self-sufficiency in one area did not ensure equality with other communities. This led to the question of whether socialism could exist only in small regions or if it needed to encompass the entire world.
§ 2 Marxian Treatment of This Problem
Marxism believes that capitalism has affected the entire world and is not just limited to one country. It encourages global trade and connections between nations, forcing them to adopt capitalist production methods and creating a shared culture. This means socialism must also be a worldwide idea, not just one that happens in a single country. Socialism comes from capitalism and involves large business owners from around the globe. While some later thinkers suggest that independent socialist communities could exist with capitalism, the main idea is that socialism needs a unified global approach.
§ 3 Liberalism and the Problem of the Frontiers
Marx and many socialists believe that socialism can only exist in a world united under one government, but they ignore significant challenges to economic unity. During Marx's time, liberals thought that regional and national divisions were outdated and believed that free trade was essential for progress. They thought that the government should only protect people's lives and property, making territorial boundaries unimportant. However, the issues of race and nationality greatly impact the development of free trade and socialism, which socialists failed to adequately address.
§ 1 the Spatial Extent of the Socialist Community
Early socialism preferred simpler production methods from the past and aimed for self-sufficient communities, like villages or provinces. It viewed foreign trade as harmful, believing it brought unnecessary goods and undermined morals. Utopians ignored the practical limits of their ideal societies and thought small communities could easily implement their vision. However, they eventually realized that self-sufficiency in one area did not ensure equality with other communities. This led to the question of whether socialism could exist only in small regions or if it needed to encompass the entire world.
§ 2 Marxian Treatment of This Problem
Marxism believes that capitalism has affected the entire world and is not just limited to one country. It encourages global trade and connections between nations, forcing them to adopt capitalist production methods and creating a shared culture. This means socialism must also be a worldwide idea, not just one that happens in a single country. Socialism comes from capitalism and involves large business owners from around the globe. While some later thinkers suggest that independent socialist communities could exist with capitalism, the main idea is that socialism needs a unified global approach.
§ 3 Liberalism and the Problem of the Frontiers
Marx and many socialists believe that socialism can only exist in a world united under one government, but they ignore significant challenges to economic unity. During Marx's time, liberals thought that regional and national divisions were outdated and believed that free trade was essential for progress. They thought that the government should only protect people's lives and property, making territorial boundaries unimportant. However, the issues of race and nationality greatly impact the development of free trade and socialism, which socialists failed to adequately address.